What is the best way to layer clothing for hiking?
The three-layer system
The base layer sits against your skin and moves sweat away. Choose polyester or merino wool; avoid cotton. The midlayer traps heat; fleece or down works well. The shell blocks wind and rain; it should be breathable and waterproof. Add or remove layers as your activity level and the weather change.
In cold conditions, you might wear a light base layer, a fleece, and a shell. In mild weather, a base layer and shell may be enough. Always pack an extra insulating layer in case conditions worsen.
- Base: synthetic or wool, snug fit
- Mid: fleece or down, loose fit
- Shell: waterproof/breathable, adjustable hood
- Adjust layers to avoid sweating
Managing layers on the move
Start cold; you'll warm up as you hike. Remove layers before you sweat, and add them when you stop. Use pit zips and front zippers to vent. Keep a dry layer in your pack for emergencies. In wet conditions, your shell goes on before your midlayer gets wet.
For your lower body, wear synthetic or wool pants or shorts. Add insulation or rain pants as needed. Avoid cotton pants. In winter, consider softshell pants for breathability.
- Start cold, remove layers early
- Use vents to regulate temperature
- Keep spare dry layer
- Lower body: synthetic or wool, no cotton
Common mistakes
- Wearing cotton as a base layer, which holds sweat and chills you.
- Dressing too warmly at the start and sweating excessively.
- Skipping the shell layer and getting wet from rain or wind.
